Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, PC, DL, FRS, RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer (as Winston S. Churchill), and an artist. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953, and was the first person to be made an honorary citizen of the United States. He also gave his name to the USS Winston S. Churchill which is a guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy. For security, he usually traveled using the alias Colonel Warden.
Churchill was born into the family of the Dukes of Marlborough, a branch of the Spencer family. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother, Jennie Jerome, was the daughter of an American millionaire Leonard Jerome.
As a young army officer, he saw action in British India, the Anglo–Sudan War, and the Second Boer War. He gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns.
During WWII his speeches and radio broadcasts helped inspire British resistance. He led Britain as Prime Minister until victory over Nazi Germany had been secured.
Upon his death aged ninety in 1965, Queen Elizabeth II granted him the honour of a state funeral. Churchill is widely regarded as being among the most influential people in British history.
Winston Churchill was a member of the freemasons and a member of the Loyal Waterloo Lodge of the National Independent Order of Odd Fellows.
Churchill met his wife, Clementine Hozier, in 1904 at a ball in Crewe House, home of the Earl of Crewe and Crewe's wife Margaret Primrose (daughter of Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, and Hannah Rothschild.
They had 5 children:
Diana, Randolph, Sarah, Marigold (died at age 3) and Mary.
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